道路运输企业安全投入规模及结构优化研究

针对道路运输企业安全投不足、安全投入分配不合理的状况,引入边际效益理论,定性分析了基于边际理论的道路运输企业安全投入问题的实质。结合道格拉斯生产函数对企业安全投入和生产投入的量进行调整,从而在总投入一定的情况使企业获得最大的边际安全效益。最后,运用灰色关联度分析方法找出事故经济损失和安全投入各分项之间的关联度数值,从而得到各分项安全投入对抑制事故经济损失的重要程度。为优化企业安全投入结构提供参考依据。     

Pseudolikelihood estimation of the stochastic frontier model

Stochastic frontier analysis is a popular tool to assess firm performance. Almost universally it has been applied using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. An alternative approach, pseudolikelihood (PL) estimation, which decouples estimation of the error component structure and the production frontier, has been adopted in both the non-parametric and panel data settings. To date, no formal comparison has yet to be conducted comparing these methods in a standard, parametric cross-sectional framework. We produce a comparison of these two competing methods using Monte Carlo simulations. Our results indicate that PL estimation enjoys almost identical performance to ML estimation across a range of scenarios and performance metrics, and for certain metrics, outperforms ML estimation when the distribution of inefficiency is incorrectly specified.     

Intertemporal production and intertemporal substitution in output supply and input demand

This article presents an intertemporal model of production with multiple inputs to investigate substitution opportunities facing firms over time. The firm’s intertemporal profit maximization problem is characterized with the familiar cost function, and various intertemporal substitution elasticities are delineated for output supply and input demand. The absence of intertemporal substitution in production can imply production smoothing, and allowance for intertemporal substitution in labour demand reinforces the prediction of the real business cycle model. For aggregate US manufacturing, we find substantial substitution in output supply and labour demand over time due to intertemporal changes in output price and wage rates.     

Investments and uncertainty revisited: the case of the US economy

This article examines the relationship between investments and uncertainty for the US economy, as the latter is approximated by consumer sentiment, purchasing managers’ prospects and economic policy uncertainty. Contrary to the existing literature, we provide evidence that this relationship is time varying. The time variation is attributed to the observed temporal replacement effect between private and public investments. Furthermore, we show that there are two distinct correlation regimes in this relationship and unless we concentrate on them, we cannot fully unravel the real link between uncertainty and investments. Finally, we examine whether the use of the two correlation regimes provides better forecasts for investments compared to the use of the uncertainty indices alone. The forecasting exercise reveals that the use of correlation regimes provides statistically superior out-of-sample forecasts.     

The three Is of public schools: irrelevant inputs,insufficient resources and inefficiency

We examine the educational production function and efficiency of public school districts in Illinois. Using non-parametric kernel methods, we find that most traditional schooling inputs are irrelevant in determining test scores (even in a very general setting). Property tax caps are the only relevant factor that is related to districts’ financial constraints and have predominantly negative associations with test scores. Therefore, insufficient resources may be partially responsible for the lack of growth in test scores. For most other relevant inputs, we find substantial heterogeneity in the returns, which helps reconcile some of the puzzling results in the literature. We further find that there exist inefficiencies in school districts. Moreover, the level of test scores, commonly used as a measure of school effectiveness, (while related) differs substantially from our efficiency scores, and standard parametric approaches drastically underestimate school efficiency. We discuss the policy implications of our results.     

Are exchange rates interdependent? Evidence using wavelet analysis

We examine the co-movement in daily returns of USD–INR, EUR–INR, GBP–INR, and JPY–INR currency pair futures contracts traded on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) using the wavelet cohesion approach. This study contributes to the literature by examining the scantly studied area of co-movement in exchange rates and using the wavelet approach, which allows us to analyse time–frequency-wise co-movement of the time series. The empirical results indicate that the currency futures markets are nearly perfectly integrated in the long run (monthly, quarterly and biannual scales) offering little potential gains from international portfolio diversification. The discrepancies between currency futures markets are small and almost fade away within 3–6 months. Moreover, international currency diversification might offer relatively higher potential gains at intraweek, weekly, and fortnightly time horizons owing to lower correlations among the currencies under consideration. Finally, our multiple-wavelet correlation and cross-correlation analysis shows that GBP acts as a potential leader/follower across scales. The results of our analysis indicate the dynamic pattern of co-movement among the major currency futures contracts, which provides several implications for portfolio managers and international investors participating in the Indian market.     

我国快递行业收入灰色关联分析及发展对策研究

根据中国2006-2011年快递业的有关数据,运用灰色关联度分析模型,对快递行业的总收入进行灰色关联分析,旨在找到同城、异地、国际及港澳快递收入以及东部、中部和西部快递业务收入与我国快递业务收入的关系,并结合我国快递企业与国际快递巨头的对比,提出我国快递业发展对策.     

人事档案管理在企业人力资源管理中的作用

人事档案管理是企业人力资源管理的重要组成部分。随着信息时代的到来,人事档案中的信息资料成为企业宝贵的信息资源,并在企业的人力资源管理活动中发挥着重要的作用。文章从人力资源管理的各个活动入手,介绍了人事档案管理在企业人力资源管理中的作用,以期能给人以新的视角去看待人事档案管理。     

基于直觉模糊的医院患者满意度研究

医院患者满意度综合反映了医院医疗服务水平。文章基于直觉模糊集理论建立了一个多级直觉模糊满意度计算模型,利用直觉模糊集算子有效地诱导出直觉模糊满意度,将定性与定量的方法结合起来进行满意度计算,使计算结果信息量更大、更加科学合理且自动化程度高。以商洛职业技术学院附属医院为例,通过问卷调查数据,基于直觉模糊满意度模型,计算医院患者满意度。探索一些指标满意度较低的原因;并针对患者普遍不满意的指标提出具体建议。     

纳税筹划在企业中的关键作用

本文通过析我国目前的纳税筹划形势以及不同国家纳税筹划的发展趋势,提出了企业实行纳税筹划的现实措施及纳税筹划的相关注意事项。